Principles of professional ethics Ethics according to IFAC, ACIPA, IAI and Understanding, Elements and Examples of Accounting Systems

AICPA PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT CODE

    Profession codes of ethics are defined as general guidelines that bind each member, as well as a pattern of acting that applies to each member of his profession. The main reason for the high level of professional action required by any profession is the need for public confidence in the quality of services provided by the profession, regardless of the individual providing the service.

   Ethics in general can be defined as a set of principles or moral values. Every organization has such a set of values, even if we pay attention or do not notice them explicitly. The need for ethics in society is quite important, so many common ethical values ​​are incorporated into law.
Ethical behavior is the foundation of modern civilization underscoring the successful functioning of almost every aspect of society, from everyday family life to law, medicine, and business. Ethics refers to a system or code of conduct based on a moral obligation that shows how an individual should behave in society

   The AICPA Professional Code of Conduct consists of two parts:
Rules of Conduct; determine minimum standards
Principles of Professional Conduct; states the behavior and behavior of the ideal
Six Principles of Professional Behavior:

1. Responsibility:
2. Public interest:
3. Integrity:
4. Objectivity and Independency:
5. Accuracy and precision:
6. Scope and nature of services:


CODE OF IFAC ETHICS

   The code of ethics compiled by SPAP is the code of the International Federations of Accountants (IFAC) translated, so this code of ethics is not new then adapted to IFAC, but adopted from IFAC sources. So there is no significant difference between the SAP and IFAC codes of ethics. The adoption of ethics by the SPAP Board is certainly in line with the mission of Indonesian accountants not to champion the cage. Moreover, the mission of the International Federation of Accountants as it is called the constitution is to develop the global improvement of the accounting profession with harmonious standards so as to provide consistently high quality services for the public interest.


IFAC Ethical Fundamental Principles:

1. A professional accountant must act decisively and honestly in all of his business and professional relationships.

2. A professional accountant should not allow bias, conflicts of interest, or under the guidance of others to the exclusion of business and professional judgment.

3. Professional competence and prudence.

4. A professional accountant must respect the confidentiality of the information he or she obtains as a result of professional and business relationships and should not disclose any information to third parties without specific and specific permissions,

5. Professional Behavior


CODE OF IAI ETHICS

   Code of Conduct is a system of norms, values ​​and rules of professional written that expressly state what is right and good, and what is not true and not good for professionals. The seven basic

principles of IAI are:

1. Integrity
2. Objectivity
3. Competence and Prudence
4. Confidentiality
5. The principle of confidentiality
6. Accuracy Act
7. Technical and professional standards

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

   The accounting system is an overview consisting of manual records or computerized financial transactions for the purpose of recording, categorizing, analyzing and reporting timely financial management information.

Accounting system elements

• Forms

A form is a document that is used to record / record a transaction. In the form there are data transactions that can be used as a basis for the recording.

• Journal

Journal is an accounting system used to record similar transactions, to group and to summarize other financial data. The results of the data summaries are then posted to the respective accounts in the general ledger. Commonly used journals are as follows:  

a. Journal of Cash Receipts

b. Journal of Cash expenses

c. Purchase diary

d. Sales journal

e. General diary

• General Ledger

The general ledger consists of a set of accounts that serve to summarize the financial data previously recorded in the journal. The general ledger account is also considered as a place for the classification of financial data for the presentation of financial statements.

• Subsidized ledger

The help book contains help calculations for detailing financial data, such as grouping the types of transactions that occur in one company.

• Reports

The report is the final result of the accounting process, in the form of a balance sheet, profit and loss account, capital change report, marketing costs report, production cost report, sales report costs, list of debts, stock balance list.

Examples of accounting systems :

• Management Accounting

The purpose of management accounting is to provide accounting information to managers with a view to planning, managing and managing business activities.

• Stock Accounting

Stock accounting systems are used to plan and track inventory levels and related inventory activities. A common inventory system is the tracking of barcodes, where each item is marked with a barcode item.

• Non-profit Accounting

It is an accounting system for non-profit organizations with specific characteristics of reporting obligations. For example about the fund tracking system, so it is known that donations have been channeled correctly for a certain purpose. The software should also be able to generate reports of total donations donated by individual donors.

Reference:

https://www.jurnal.id/id/blog/2017/pengertian-unsur-dan-contoh-sistem-akuntansi

https://sariioktavia.wordpress.com/2015/11/24/kode-etik-profesi-akuntansi/